Arora: High Voltage & Electrical Insulation Engineering (IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering)

Chapter 1 Introduction

• 1.1 Electric Charge and Discharge
• 1.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetics
• 1.3 Dielectric and Electrical Insulation
• 1.4 Electrical Breakdown
• 1.4.1 Global Breakdown
• 1.4.2 Local Breakdown
• 1.5 Corona, Streamer and Aurora
• 1.6 Capacitance and Capacitor
• 1.6.1 Stray Capacitance
• References

Chapter 2 Electric Fields, Their Control And Estimation

• 2.1 Electric Field Intensity, “E”
• 2.2 Breakdown and Electric Strength of Dielectrics, “Eb”
• 2.2.1 Partial Breakdown in Dielectrics
• 2.3 Classification of Electric Fields
• 2.3.1 Degree of Uniformity of Electric Fields
• 2.4 Control of Electric Field Intensity (Stress Control)
• 2.5 Estimation of Electric Field Intensity
• 2.5.1 Basic Equations for Potential and Field Intensity in Electrostatic Fields
• 2.5.2 Analytical Methods for the Estimation of Electric Field Intensity in Homogeneous Isotropic Single Dielectric
• 2.5.3 Analysis of Electric Field Intensity in Isotropic Multidielectric System
• 2.5.4 Numerical Methods for the Estimation of Electric Field Intensity
• 2.5.5 Numerical Optimization of Electric Fields
• 2.6 Conclusion
• References

Chapter 3 Field Dependent Behavior Of Air And Other Gaseous Dielectrics

• 3.1. Fundamentals of Field Assisted Generation of Charge Carriers
• 3.1.1 Impact Ionization
• 3.1.2 Thermal Ionization
• 3.1.3 Photoionization and Interaction of Metastables with Molecules
• 3.2 Breakdown of Atmospheric Air in Uniform and Weakly Nonuniform Fields
• 3.2.1 Uniform Field with Space Charge
• 3.2.2 Development of Electron Avalanche
• 3.2.3 Development of Streamer or “Kanal Discharge”
• 3.2.4 Breakdown Mechanisms
• 3.2.5 Breakdown Voltage Characteristics in Uniform Fields (Paschen’s Law)
• 3.2.6 Breakdown Voltage Characteristics in Weakly Nonuniform Fields
• 3.3 Breakdown in Extremely Nonuniform Fields and Corona
• 3.3.1 Development of Avalanche Discharge
• 3.3.2 Development of Streamer or Kanal Discharge
• 3.3.3 Development of Stem and Leader Corona
• 3.3.4 Summary of the Development of Breakdown in Extremely Nonuniform Fields
• 3.3.5 Breakdown Voltage Characteristics of Air in Extremely Nonuniform Fields
• 3.3.6 Effects of Partial Breakdown or Corona in Atmospheric Air
• 3.4 Electric Arcs and Their Characteristics
• 3.4.1 Static Voltage-Current, U-I, Characteristics of Arcs in Air
• 3.4.2 Dynamic U-I Characteristics of Arcs
• 3.4.3 Extinction of Arcs
• 3.5 Properties of Sulphurhexafl uoride, SF6 Gas and Its Application in Electrical Installations
• 3.5.1 Properties of Sulphurhexafl uoride, SF6 Gas
• 3.5.2 Breakdown in Uniform and Weakly Nonuniform Fields with SF6 Insulation
• 3.5.3 External Factors Affecting Breakdown Characteristics in Compressed Gases
• 3.5.4 Breakdown in Extremely Nonuniform and Distorted Weakly Nonuniform Fields with Stable PB in SF6 Gas Insulation
• 3.5.5 Electrical Strength of Mixtures of SF6 with Other Gases
• 3.5.6 Decomposition of SF6 and Its Mixtures in Gas Insulated Equipment
• 3.5.7 SF6 Gas and Environment
• References

Chapter 4 Lightning And Ball Lightning, Development Mechanisms, Deleterious Effects, Protection

• 4.1 The Globe, A Capacitor
• 4.1.1 The Earth’s Atmosphere and the Clouds
• 4.1.2 Clouds and Their Important Role
• 4.1.3 Static Electric Charge in the Atmosphere
• 4.2 Mechanisms of Lightning Strike
• 4.2.1 Mechanisms of Breakdown in Long Air Gap
• 4.2.2 Mechanisms of Lightning Strike on the Ground
• 4.2.3 Preference of Locations for the Lightning to Strike
• 4.3 Deleterious Effects of Lightning
• 4.3.1 Loss of Life of the Living Beings
• 4.3.2 Fire Hazards Due to Lightning
• 4.3.3 Blast Created by Lightning
• 4.3.4 Development of Transient Over-Voltage Due to Lightning Strike on the Electric Power System Network and Its Protection
• 4.4 Protection from Lightning
• 4.4.1 Protection of Lives
• 4.4.2 Protection of Buildings and Structures
• 4.4.3 The Protected Area
• 4.5 Ball Lightning
• 4.5.1 The Phenomenon of Ball Lightning
• 4.5.2 Injurious Effects of Ball Lightning
• 4.5.3 Models and Physics of Ball Lightning
• 4.5.4 Ball Lightning without Lightning Strike
• References

Chapter 5 Electrical Properties Of Vacuum As High Voltage Insulation

• 5.1 Pre-breakdown Electron Emission in Vacuum
• 5.1.1 Mechanism of Electron Emission from Metallic Surfaces
• 5.1.2 Non-Metallic Electron Emission Mechanisms

5.2 Pre-Breakdown Conduction and Spark Breakdown in Vacuum

• 5.2.1 Electrical Breakdown in Vacuum Interrupters
• 5.2.2 Effect of Conditioning of Electrodes on Breakdown Voltage
• 5.2.3 Effect of Area of Electrodes on Breakdown in Vacuum

5.3 Vacuum as Insulation in Space Applications

• 5.3.1 Vacuum-Insulated Power Supplies for Space
• 5.3.2 Vacuum Related Problems in Low Earth Orbit Plasma Environment

5.4 Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 Liquid Dielectrics, Their Classification, Properties, And Breakdown Strength

• 6.1 Classification of Liquid Dielectrics
• 6.1.1 Mineral Insulating Oils
• 6.1.2 Vegetable Oils
• 6.1.3 Synthetic Liquid Dielectrics, the Chlorinated Diphenyles
• 6.1.4 Inorganic Liquids as Insulation
• 6.1.5 Polar and Nonpolar Dielectrics
• 6.2 Dielectric Properties of Insulating Materials
• 6.2.1 Insulation Resistance Offered by Dielectrics
• 6.2.2 Permittivity of Insulating Materials
• 6.2.3 Polarization in Insulating Materials
• 6.2.4 Dielectric Power Losses in Insulating Materials
• 6.3 Breakdown in Liquid Dielectrics
• 6.3.1 Electric Conduction in Insulating Liquids
• 6.3.2 Intrinsic Breakdown Strength
• 6.3.3 Practical Breakdown Strength Measurement at Near Uniform Fields
• 6.3.4 Breakdown in Extremely Nonuniform Fields and the Development of Streamer
• 6.4 Aging in Mineral Insulating Oils
• References

Chapter 7 Solid Dielectrics, Their Sources, Properties, And Behavior In Electric Fields

• 7.1 Classification of Solid Insulating Materials
• 7.1.1 Inorganic Insulating Materials
• 7.1.2 Polymeric Organic Materials
• 7.1.3 Composite Insulating System
• 7.2 Partial Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics
• 7.2.1 Internal Partial Breakdown
• 7.2.2 Surface Discharge (Tracking)
• 7.2.3 Degradation of Solid Dielectrics Caused by PB
• 7.2.4 Partial Breakdown Detection and Measurement
• 7.3 Breakdown and Pre-Breakdown Phenomena in Solid Dielectrics
• 7.3.1 Intrinsic Breakdown Strength of Solid Dielectrics
• 7.3.2 Thermal Breakdown
• 7.3.3 Mechanism of Breakdown in Extremely Nonuniform Fields
• 7.3.4 “Treeing” a Pre-Breakdown Phenomenon in Polymeric Dielectrics
• 7.3.5 Requirement of Time for Breakdown
• 7.3.6 Estimation of Life Expectancy Characteristics
• 7.3.7 Practical Breakdown Strength and Electric Stress in Service of Solid Dielectrics
• References

Index

High Voltage & Electrical Insulation Engineering is written for students as well as for teachers and researchers in the field of High Voltage and Insulation Engineering. It is based on the advance level courses conducted at TU Dresden, Germany and Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. The book has a novel approach describing the fundamental concept of field dependent behavior of dielectrics subjected to high voltage. There is no other book in the field of high voltage engineering following this new approach in describing the behavior of dielectrics.

The contents begin with the description of fundamental terminology in the subject of high voltage engineering. It is followed by the classification of electric fields and the techniques of field estimation. Performance of gaseous, liquid and solid dielectrics under different field conditions is described in the subsequent chapters. Separate chapters on vacuum as insulation and the lightning phenomenon are included.

Key Features

• Detailed descriptions of the three types of electric fields on the basis of the Schwaiger Factor.
• Introduction of the new concept of Weakly Nonuniform Field.
• Classification and explanation of three types of Coronas: Star, Streamer, and Leader.
• A new approach to explaining the mechanism of the lightning phenomenon.
• Separate, detailed chapters on electric fields, lightning and ball lightning, and the insulating properties of a vacuum.
• In-depth coverage of the performance of sulfure hexaflouride gas and its mixtures applicable to the design of Gas Insulated Systems.

Graduate-level students and teachers, as well as scientists and engineers involved in highvoltage and insulation engineering and research and development, will appreciate this simple and systematic approach to the subject. Industry and utility personnel will rely on this resource to better understand the practical problems encountered with high voltage installations and equipment.

 

About the Author

• Dr. Ravindra Arora retired from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in May 2008, where he worked for thirty-four years. At IITK, he established a unique high voltage laboratory, where he conducted research activity for more than forty master's theses, two PhDs, and a large number of undergraduate projects, besides having completed several industry-sponsored projects. He has been a Senior Member of IEEE since 1988 and is a Life Member of the Institution of Engineers (India).
• Dr. Wolfgang Mosch retired as head and chair professor of the Institute of High Voltage Technology in the Electrical Engineering (Power) Division of Technical University Dresden, Germany, in 1993. He has been actively involved with teaching, research, and industry in high voltage and insulation engineering since 1960. 

Book Details 
 

• Hardcover: 394 pages
• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press; 1 edition (August 30, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0470609613
• ISBN-13: 978-0470609613
• Product Dimensions: 6.4 x 1 x 9.3 inches

List Price: $99.95 

 

Tags: Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wiley